{"id":14341,"date":"2023-05-05T08:32:27","date_gmt":"2023-05-05T08:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/?p=14341"},"modified":"2023-05-05T13:41:21","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T13:41:21","slug":"how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-global-cruise-lines-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-global-cruise-lines-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 \u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5168\u7403\u90ae\u8f6e\u884c\u4e1a"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u90ae\u8f6e\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5546\u8239\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6682\u505c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6e38\u8f6e\u4e5f\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u8fdb\u5165\u9886\u6d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728 2020 \u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u4e4b\u524d\u7981\u6b62\u6e38\u8f6e\u3002\u6e38\u8f6e\u884c\u4e1a\u662f\u822a\u8fd0\u4e1a\u4e2d\u6700\u5148\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ece 2020 \u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6e38\u8f6e\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97\u8d1f\u9762\u3002 \u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f11\u95f2\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u65c5\u5ba2\u548c\u8239\u5458\u6765\u81ea\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u90ae\u8f6e\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e1a\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0cCovid-19 \u75be\u75c5\u5728\u6e38\u8f6e\u4e0a\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8239\u5458\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u4e0a\uff0c\u65c5\u5ba2\u4e5f\u524d\u5f80\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65c5\u884c\u7684\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u90ae\u8f6e\u516c\u53f8\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5165\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u8d2d\u4e70\u8239\u8236\u5907\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u5458\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u4eba\u5458 \u6216\u8239\u4e0a\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u75c5\u4f8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e38\u8f6e\u4e0a\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002 \u90e8\u5206\u6848\u4f8b\u662f \u94bb\u77f3\u516c\u4e3b\u53f7\u3001\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\u516c\u4e3b\u53f7\u3001\u81f3\u5c0a\u516c\u4e3b\u53f7\u3001<\/strong>  \u8d5e\u4e39\u53f7\u3001\u73ca\u745a\u516c\u4e3b\u53f7\u3001\u6b4c\u8bd7\u8fbe\u6cd5\u897f\u8bfa\u8428\u53f7\u3001\u540d\u4eba\u9876\u70b9\u53f7\u3001\u683c\u96f7\u683c\u00b7\u83ab\u8482\u9ed8\u53f7\u3001\u6b4c\u8bd7\u8fbe\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u53f7\u3001\u963f\u4f0a\u8fbe\u5149\u73af\u53f7\u3001\u6b4c\u8bd7\u8fbe\u7fe1\u7fe0\u53f7\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u5723\u6b4c\u53f7\u3001MSC\u6b4c\u5267\u9662\u53f7\u3001\u94f6\u9b42\u53f7\u3001MSC\u7f8e\u4e3d\u53f7\u3001\u963f\u4f0a\u8fbe\u7ef4\u5854\u53f7\u3001\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u53f7\u3002<\/strong> 2020 \u5e74 3 \u6708 19 \u65e5\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f8b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u75c5\u4f8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u505c\u6cca\u5728\u6089\u5c3c\u6e2f\u7684\u94bb\u77f3\u516c\u4e3b\u53f7\u4e0a\u3002 \u8fd9\u8258\u6e38\u8f6e\u4e0a\u6709 11 \u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11 662 \u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u548c\u8239\u5458\u53d7\u5230\u611f\u67d3\u3002 \u8fd9 \u81f3\u5c0a\u516c\u4e3b\u53f7<\/strong> \u505c\u6cca\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u6e2f \u8d5e\u4e39<\/strong> \u505c\u9760\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u3002 \u5728 \u8ff7\u4eba\u6d77\u5cb8<\/strong>\uff0c\u8239\u4e0a\u7684\u533b\u751f\u548c\u8239\u5458\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002 200\u591a\u540d\u8239\u5458\u88ab\u611f\u67d3 \u540d\u4eba\u5dc5\u5cf0<\/strong> \u8239\u4e0a148\u540d\u8239\u5458\u88ab\u611f\u67d3 \u6b4c\u8bd7\u8fbe\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u53f7<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u53d1\u73b0 COVID-19 \u75c5\u4f8b\u6570\u4e0e\u9884\u8ba1\u767b\u9646\u51fa\u53d1\u6e2f\u548c\u62b5\u8fbe\u6e2f\u7684\u4e58\u5ba2\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff08\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u90ae\u8f6e\u65c5\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u6216\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u51fa\u53d1\u6e2f\u548c\u62b5\u8fbe\u6e2f\u505c\u7559\u51e0\u5929\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5230\u8fbe\u6e2f\uff08\u53ea\u6709 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6e38\u8f6e\u884c\u7a0b\u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u5c11\u3002 \u5230\u8fbe\u548c\u51fa\u53d1\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u7684 COVID-19 \u75c5\u4f8b\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u5165\u5883\u65c5\u5ba2\u4eba\u6570\u4e3a 12.85%\uff0c\u4ec5\u5230\u8fbe\u6e2f\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u4e3a 1.5%\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u90ae\u8f6e\u5230\u8fbe\u548c\u51fa\u53d1\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6bd4\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7eb3\u90ae\u8f6e\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hanaoka & Kawasaki (2020) \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8bd5\u56fe\u786e\u5b9a\u8239\u8236\u53ca\u5176\u884c\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u627e\u5230\u611f\u67d3 COVID-19 \u7684\u6e38\u8f6e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u578b\u8239\u8236\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u578b\u8239\u8236\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002 \u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u6982\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u822a\u7ebf\u662f\u6bcf\u5468\u822a\u884c\u4e03\u516b\u5929\u3001\u6bcf\u5468\u822a\u73ed\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u90ae\u8f6e\u3001\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u5230\u8fbe\u548c\u51fa\u53d1\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u90ae\u8f6e\u3002 \u5bfc\u81f4\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u6bcf\u5468\u6b22\u8fce\u65b0\u4e58\u5ba2\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6bd4\u51e0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u90fd\u5750\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e58\u5ba2\u8fd8\u8981\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6e2f\u53e3\u63a5\u5f85\u7684\u65c5\u5ba2\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684 COVID-19 \u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002 \u6839\u636e Ito et al<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong><\/a> 1\u6708\u81f33\u6708\u6e2f\u53e3\u65c5\u5ba2\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u548c\u5df4\u54c8\u9a6c\u3002 \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u611f\u67d3 COVID-19 \u7684\u4eba\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u54c8\u9a6c\u53ea\u6709 49 \u540d\u611f\u67d3\u8005\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 2020 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u81f3 3 \u6708\u5728\u62ff\u9a9a\uff08\u5df4\u54c8\u9a6c\uff09\u4e0a\u5cb8\u7684\u6e38\u8f6e\u4e58\u5ba2\u6570\u91cf\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cCOVID-19 \u5728\u56db\u6708\u521d\u4e4b\u524d\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a5\u53d7\u6e38\u8f6e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc5\u901f\u7981\u6b62\u6e38\u8f6e\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8981\u5feb\uff08Ito et al., 2020<\/strong><\/a>\uff09\u3002 \u5728\u6309\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u5206\u6790\u8239\u8236\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u884c\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e38\u8f6e\u4e58\u5ba2\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u6e38\u8f6e\u4e0e COVID-19 \u4f20\u64ad\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> Radic et al. (2020)<\/strong> <\/a>\u63ed\u9732\u4e86 COVID-19 \u671f\u95f4\u90ae\u8f6e\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f31\u70b9\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u8bae\u3002 \u4f5c\u8005\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u5e94\u6025\u8ba1\u5212\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002 \u4f5c\u8005\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\u5efa\u8bae\u3002 \u63d0\u9ad8\u90ae\u8f6e\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u4e58\u5ba2\u5e94\u63a5\u53d7\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u673a\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u8ddd\u79bb\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u6d17\u624b\u548c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f69\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\u7b49\u826f\u597d\u505a\u6cd5\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u90ae\u8f6e\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u8239\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u8239\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\u3002 \u6b64\u524d\u5728\u90ae\u8f6e\u51fa\u53d1\u57ce\u5e02\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u9694\u79bb\u63aa\u65bd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u90ae\u8f6e\u4e1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u4f5c\u5236\u5b9a\u5e94\u6025\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u611f\u67d3\u548c\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5cb8\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cCOVID-19 \u7684\u7206\u53d1\u4e3a\u90ae\u8f6e\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5176\u6587\u5316\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7edd\u4f73\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u5e94\u6025\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u90ae\u8f6e\u884c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u90ae\u8f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u5c3c\u5a05\u00b7\u6cfd\u74e6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gram Marine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u521d\u7ea7\u4ea4\u6613\u5458<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Email:rzerva@grammarine.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

According to Lekakou and Pallis (2005) the definition of cruise is “a mixture of sea transport, travel, tourism and leisure, while it is defined as the leisure activity of passengers paying for an itinerary (and possibly other services on board) and includes at least one overnight stay on a ship with a capacity of at […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14347,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","grve-entry-item","grve-blog-item"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14341"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14348,"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14341\/revisions\/14348"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grammarine.biz\/chn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}